Lee A. Fleisher, MD, is Emeritus Professor and Former Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical Care at the University of Pennsylvania. He also serves as a Senior Advisor of FasterCures and the Bipartisan Policy Center, and Visiting Fellow of the Duke-Margolis Center. He was the Chief Medical Officer and Director of the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services from 2020-2023. His research focuses on measurement of quality of care, decision making, and health policy. In 2007, he was elected to membership of the National Academy of Medicine and serves on the Board of Health Services.