Mara Karlin, PhD is a senior executive and national security leader with two decades of experience shaping geopolitics at the highest levels of the U.S. government. She is a professor at Johns Hopkins University-School of Advanced International Studies and a visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution. She served in national security roles for six U.S. secretaries of defense, advising on strategic planning, risk management, defense budgeting, the future of conflict, and regional affairs. She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and served as assistant secretary of defense for strategy, plans, and capabilities, leading the development and implementation of the 2022 National Defense Strategy, which informs the work of 3 million people and a defense budget of $850 billion. In that role, she advised the secretary of defense on forces, plans, posture, emerging capabilities policy, and security cooperation, including a historic modernization of U.S. force posture, security cooperation reform, and the development of numerous national and defense strategic guidance documents. Previously, she led the Department of Defense’s relations with nearly 150 countries, and spent years focused specifically on U.S. policy toward the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. She has negotiated with dozens of countries around the world, including brokering the very first deal in which a foreign country invested in the U.S. defense industrial base. Karlin published two acclaimed books on military history and defense policy and received the Secretary of Defense Distinguished Public Service Medal.