Toshihide Endo is commissioner of the Financial Services Agency (FSA), Japan. Since joining the FSA in 2002, Endo has held various executive posts, including the Director-General of the Supervisory Bureau and Inspection Bureau, the Deputy Director-General of the Planning and Coordination Bureau. When he was the Director-General of the Supervisory Bureau, he leads supervision of banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and the Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan. As the Director-General of Inspection Bureau, he integrated the process of on-site inspection and off-site monitoring, aiming for an in-depth understanding of the financial institutions and the financial system in an effective manner. Also, as the Deputy Director-General of the Planning and Coordination Bureau, he was responsible for overall policy-making for the financial system and markets, and the supervision of securities exchanges. Prior to his posting to the FSA, he worked for the Asian Pacific Department and the Finance Department of the International Monetary Fund. He received a B.A. in Law from the University of Tokyo in 1982 and an M.Sc. in Economics from the London School of Economics in 1986.